Let’s get clinical

Hazardous Drug Exposure takes many forms.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) defines a CSTD as “a drug transfer device that mechanically prohibits the transfer of environmental contaminants into the system and the escape of hazardous drug or vapor concentrations outside the system.”
Or simply as a system that lets nothing in and nothing out.

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Peer-Reviewed
2024
#air-tight
#syringe unit
#syringe-contamination

An Assessment of Exposed Syringe Inner Walls as a Route of Exposure from Hazardous Drugs

UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy
Independent
February 18, 2016
#air-tight

Assessment of Testing Method for Closed System Transfer Devices Across Vapor Release

Peer-Reviewed
2018
#air-tight

Application of the 2015 proposed NIOSH vapor containment performance protocol for closed system transfer devices used during pharmacy compounding and administration of hazardous drugs

University of North Carolina
Independent
2016
#air-tight

Evaluation of Vial Transfer Devices for Containment of Hazardous Drug Vapors

University of Utah
Independent
2018
#air-tight

Containment Testing to Assess the Efficacy of Closed System Transfer Devices

Cone Health Cancer Center, Pharmacy Department, Cone Health Cancer Center
Independent
2009
#air-tight

Comparative Study of Vapor Containment Efficiency of Hazardous Drug Transfer Devices

Migal Analytical Chemistry Laboratory
Independent
2021
#air-tight
#NIOSH Surrogate Testing

Efficiency of Closed System Transfer Devices (CSTDs). Comparative Study 

Faculty of Chemistry, Technion
Independent
2021
#air-tight
#NIOSH Surrogate Testing

Evaluation of Vapor Containment Efficacies of Air-Cleaning CSTDs and Regular Syringes Using NIOSH Hazardous Drug Surrogates

University of Kentucky
Independent
2021
#air-tight
#NIOSH Surrogate Testing

Vapor Containment Efficacy of Air-Cleaning CSTDs with 3 NIOSH Surrogates

Henry Ford Hospital